UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of July 2025

Commission File Number 001-40924

ALGOMA STEEL GROUP INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

105 West Street

Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

P6A 7B4, Canada

(705) 945-2351

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F ☐   Form 40-F ☒

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Exhibits 99.2 and 99.3 of this Form 6-K are incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File No. 333-264063) and the Registration Statement on Form F-10 (Commission File No. 333-288748) of the Registrant, Algoma Steel Group Inc.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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Exhibit 99.1

MEDIA RELEASE

July 29, 2025

Algoma Steel Group Inc. Reports Financial Results for the Second Quarter 2025

Consolidated Revenue of $589.7 Million

Net Loss of $110.6 Million and Adjusted EBITDA Loss of $32.4 Million

Achieved First Arc and First Steel Production from Transformative Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Project

SAULT STE. MARIE, ONTARIO (July 29, 2025) – Algoma Steel Group Inc. (NASDAQ: ASTL; TSX: ASTL) (“Algoma” or “the Company”), a leading Canadian producer of hot and cold rolled steel sheet and plate products, today announced results for its second quarter ended June 30, 2025.

Unless otherwise specified, all amounts are in Canadian dollars.

Business Highlights and Second Quarter 2025 to Second Quarter 2024 Comparisons

Michael Garcia, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, commented, “The second quarter of 2025 was a pivotal period for Algoma, during which we completed the preparations for our first production of Volta^™—Algoma’s trademarked green steel. This milestone was realized in early July with the successful production of our inaugural steel in the first of our two state-of-the-art EAFs. While we delivered operational results for the quarter that were in line with our expectations, our financial performance continued to be impacted by ongoing tariff uncertainty and persistent weak steel market demand and pricing pressures. The uncertain market environment has created headwinds for shipments and pricing across the industry, but we remain focused on executing our strategic transformation.”

Mr. Garcia continued, “Achieving first arc and producing our first steel from the EAF in early July represents a historic accomplishment that marks the true beginning of our transition from a legacy higher-cost traditional steelmaker to one of the lowest-cost green steel producers in North America. While we can’t control market volatility and macro or geopolitical uncertainties, we are focused on what we can control: the safe operation of our assets and the completion of the EAF project, which provides us with a structural cost advantage that will serve us well through market cycles, creating lasting value for all stakeholders.”

Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results

Second quarter revenue totaled $589.7 million, compared to $650.5 million in the prior-year quarter. As compared with the prior-year quarter, steel revenue was $534.4 million, compared to $597.4 million, and revenue per ton of steel sold was $1,249, compared to $1,293. Lower pricing was due to weakening market conditions, particularly due to the Section 232 Tariffs, which impacted the Company’s export sales and resulted in over-supply of the Canadian market at lower prices.

Loss from operations was $85.1 million, compared to a loss from operations of $12.5 million in the prior-year quarter. The year-over-year decrease was primarily due to the lower revenues associated with lower prices and volumes, as well as higher cost of sales from tariffs. For the second quarter of 2025, tariff costs were $64.1 million.

Net loss in the second quarter was $110.6 million, compared to net income of $6.1 million in the prior-year quarter. The decrease was driven primarily by lower steel shipment volumes, lower realized pricing, and tariff-related costs as detailed above.

Adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter was a loss of $32.4 million, compared with Adjusted EBITDA of $37.7 million for the prior-year quarter. This resulted in an Adjusted EBITDA margin of (5.5%). The average realized price of steel net of freight and non-steel revenue was $1,132 per ton, compared to $1,187 per ton in the prior-year quarter. Cost per ton of steel products sold was $1,144 compared to $1,069 in the prior-year quarter. Shipments for the second quarter were 472,056 tons, compared to 503,152 tons in the prior-year quarter.

See “Non-GAAP Measures” below for an explanation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin and a reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Electric Arc Furnace

In November 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized the Company to construct two new state of the art EAFs to replace the Company’s existing blast furnace and basic oxygen steelmaking operations. Record days of snowfall at the site in late November and early December 2024 impacted project work, but due to the hard work of the entire team to mitigate these impacts, the Company achieved first arc and first steel production in early July.

As of June 30, 2025, the cumulative investment was $881 million and the Company continues to expect the completion of the EAF project will be funded with cash-on-hand, cash generated through operations, and available borrowings under the Company’s existing credit facility.

Following the transformation to EAF steelmaking, Algoma’s facility is anticipated to have an annual raw steel production capacity of approximately 3.7 million tons, matching its downstream finishing capacity, which is expected to reduce the Company’s annual carbon emissions by approximately 70%.

Tariffs

On March 4, 2025, the United States imposed tariffs on Canadian imports, including a 25% duty under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and a 25% tariff on steel and aluminum products under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act. These tariffs were briefly paused on March 6, reinstated on March 12, and further expanded on April 2, when a minimum 10% “Reciprocal Tariff” was announced on all U.S. imports, excluding Canada. As of June 4, 2025, the Section 232 tariff on steel and aluminum imports was increased to 50%.

While Canada remains exempt from the Reciprocal Tariff and overlapping duties do not apply to USMCA-compliant goods, the Company is currently subject to the 50% Section 232 tariff on steel exports to the United States. These measures have caused significant market disruption, with Canadian spot pricing falling below U.S. contract pricing due to increased supply, U.S. imports, and offshore offers. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, Canadian net sales realizations were up to 40% lower than U.S. levels, contributing to an estimated $30 million revenue impact.

Tariff-related costs totaled $64.1 million in the second quarter and $74.6 million for the first half of 2025. U.S. shipments represented 54% and 53% of total volumes during those periods, respectively. Given the ongoing uncertainty caused by the U.S. tariffs resulting in a structural imbalance in the Canadian market, the Company is exploring liquidity tools and funding programs that could support its current operations and enable strategic diversification. This includes an application to the federal Large Enterprise Tariff Loan (LETL) program for $500 million, ongoing discussion of potential terms of LETL support and an evaluation of capital investments that align with long-term domestic demand in sectors such as defense and construction, while reinforcing Canada’s industrial resilience and low carbon transformation.

Liquidity

At quarter end, the Company had cash of $82.5 million and unused availability under its Revolving Credit Facility of $329.1 million.

Quarterly Dividend

In light of ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty, including increased volatility in steel markets and uncertainty surrounding trade policy and tariffs, the Board of Directors has decided to suspend the regular quarterly dividend on the Company’s common shares, totaling approximately US$5.2 million. This decision reflects the Board’s prudent approach to capital allocation and its commitment to preserving liquidity and financial flexibility in the face of evolving market conditions. The Board will continue to evaluate future dividend declarations in the context of capital requirements, strategic priorities, and overall financial performance.

Conference Call and Webcast Details

A webcast and conference call will be held on Wednesday, July 30, 2025 at 11:00 a.m. EDT to review the Company’s results for the three months ended June 30, 2025, discuss recent events, and conduct a question-and-answer session.

The live webcast and archived replay of the conference call can be accessed on the Investors section of the Company’s website at www.ir.algoma.com. For those unable to access the webcast, the conference call will be accessible domestically or internationally by dialing 877-425-9470 or 201-389-0878, respectively. Upon dialing in, please request to join the Algoma Steel Second Quarter Conference Call. To access the replay of the call, dial 844-512-2921 (domestic) or 412-317-6671 (international) with passcode 13754580.

Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The Company’s unaudited condensed interim financial statements for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and Management’s Discussion & Analysis thereon are available under the Company’s profile on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) EDGAR website at www.sec.gov and under the Company’s profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.com. These documents are also available on the Company’s website, www.algoma.com, and shareholders may receive hard copies of such documents free of charge upon request by contacting IR@algoma.com.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This news release contains “forward-looking information” under applicable Canadian securities legislation and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (collectively, “forward-looking statements”), including statements regarding imposed and threatened tariffs, including the impact, timing and resolution thereof, trends in the pricing of steel, Algoma’s transition to EAF steelmaking, including the progress, costs and timing of completion of the Company’s EAF project, the Company’s expected annual raw steel production capacity and reduction in carbon emissions following completion of the EAF project, Algoma’s future as a leading producer of green steel, the potential impacts of inflationary pressures, the Company’s ability to access liquidity tools and funding programs, such as the LETL, labor availability, global supply chain disruptions on costs, Algoma’s modernization of its plate mill facilities (including annual plate capacity going forward), transformation journey, ability to deliver greater and long-term value, ability to offer North America a secure steel supply and a sustainable future, and investment in its people, and processes, and statements regarding potential borrowings under the Company’s credit facilities, and the Company’s strategy, plans or future financial or operating performance. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “hope,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “design,” “pipeline,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are predictions, projections and other statements about future events that are based on current expectations and assumptions. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this document. Readers should also consider the other risks and uncertainties set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information” in Algoma’s Annual Information Form, filed by Algoma with applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities (available under the Company’s SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.com) and with the SEC, as part of Algoma’s Annual Report on Form 40-F (available at www.sec.gov), as well as in Algoma’s current reports with the Canadian securities regulatory authorities and SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and Algoma assumes no obligation and does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial statements, which are prepared in accordance with IFRS^® Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) (“IFRS Accounting Standards”), we use certain non-GAAP measures to evaluate the performance of Algoma. These terms do not have any standardized meaning prescribed within IFRS Accounting Standards and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement those IFRS Accounting Standards measures by providing a further understanding of our financial performance from management’s perspective. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for analysis of our financial information reported under IFRS Accounting Standards.

Adjusted EBITDA, as we define it, refers to net income (loss) before amortization of property, plant, equipment and amortization of intangible assets, finance costs, interest on pension and other post-employment benefit obligations, income taxes, foreign exchange loss (gain), finance income, carbon tax, changes in fair value of warrant, earnout and share-based compensation liabilities, share-based compensation related to the Company’s Omnibus Long Term Incentive Plan, certain inventory write-downs and legal settlement. Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by revenue for the corresponding period. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to represent cash flow from operations, as defined by IFRS Accounting Standards, and should not be considered as alternatives to net profit (loss) from operations, or any other measure of performance prescribed by IFRS Accounting Standards. Adjusted EBITDA, as we define and use it, may not be comparable to Adjusted EBITDA as defined and used by other companies. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be a meaningful measure to assess our operating performance in addition to IFRS Accounting Standards. It is included because we believe it can be useful in measuring our operating performance and our ability to expand our business and provide management and investors with additional information for comparison of our operating results across different time periods and to the operating results of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is also used by analysts and our lenders as a measure of our financial performance. In addition, we consider Adjusted EBITDA margin to be a useful measure of our operating performance and profitability across different time periods that enhance the comparability of our results. However, these measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation from, or as alternatives to, net income, cash flow from operations or other data prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. Because of these limitations, such measures should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to invest in business growth or to reduce indebtedness. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our IFRS Accounting Standards results using such measures only as supplements to such results. See the financial tables below for a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA.

About Algoma Steel Group Inc.

Based in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, Algoma is a fully integrated producer of hot and cold rolled steel products including sheet and plate. Driven by a purpose to build better lives and a greener future, Algoma is positioned to deliver responsive, customer-driven product solutions to applications in the automotive, construction, energy, defense, and manufacturing sectors. Algoma is a key supplier of steel products to customers in North America and is the only producer of discrete plate products in Canada. Its state-of-the-art Direct Strip Production Complex (“DSPC”) is one of the lowest-cost producers of hot rolled sheet steel (HRC) in North America.

Algoma is on a transformation journey, modernizing its plate mill and adopting electric arc technology that builds on the strong principles of recycling and environmental stewardship to significantly lower carbon emissions. Today Algoma is investing in its people and processes, working safely, as a team to become one of North America’s leading producers of green steel.

As a founding industry in their community, Algoma is drawing on the best of its rich steelmaking tradition to deliver greater value, offering North America the comfort of a secure steel supply and a sustainable future.

Algoma Steel Group Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

(Unaudited)

Algoma Steel Group Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Net (Loss) Income

(Unaudited)

Algoma Steel Group Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

Algoma Steel Group Inc.

Reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA

For more information, please contact:

Michael Moraca

Vice President – Corporate Development & Treasurer

Algoma Steel Group Inc.

Phone: 705.945.3300

E-mail: IR@algoma.com

Exhibit 99.2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) contains information regarding the financial position and financial performance of Algoma Steel Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “Algoma,” “the Company,”, “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Algoma Steel Group Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We publish our condensed interim consolidated financial statements in Canadian dollars. In this MD&A, unless otherwise specified, all monetary amounts are in Canadian dollars, all references to “C$,” mean Canadian dollars and all references to “$” or “US$” and mean U.S. dollars.

The following MD&A provides the Company’s management perspective on the financial position and financial performance of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024. This MD&A provides information to assist readers of, and should be read in conjunction with, the Company’s June 30, 2025 condensed interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto and the December 31, 2024 audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto. The condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS^® Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) (“IFRS Accounting Standards”) and the financial information included in this MD&A is derived from the condensed interim consolidated financial statements, except as otherwise noted.

This discussion of the Company’s business may include forward-looking information with respect to the Company, including its operations and strategies, as well as financial performance and conditions, which are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information” below. Readers are directed to carefully review the sections entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” included elsewhere in this MD&A. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties that may affect the Company and its financial position and results, refer to “Risk Factors” in the annual information form for the nine month period ended December 31, 2024 (the “Annual Information Form”) filed by the Company with the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities (available under the Company’s System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR+”) profile at www.sedarplus.ca) and filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as part of the Company’s annual report on Form 40-F (available on the SEC’s EDGAR website at www.sec.gov), as well as in the other documents Algoma has filed with the OSC and the SEC.

This MD&A is dated as of July 28, 2025. This document has been approved and authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on July 28, 2025. Events occurring after this date could render the information contained herein inaccurate or misleading in a material respect.

Functional Currency

The Company’s functional currency is the US dollar, which reflects the Company’s operational exposure to the US dollar. The Company uses the Canadian dollar as its presentation currency. In accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, all amounts presented are translated to Canadian dollars using the current rate method whereby all revenues, expenses and cash flows are translated at the average rate that was in effect during the period or presented at their Canadian dollar transactional amounts and all assets and liabilities are translated at the prevailing closing rate in effect at the end of the period. Equity transactions have been translated at historical rates. The resulting net translation adjustment has been reflected in other comprehensive income or loss.

The currency exchange rates for the six month periods ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 are provided below:

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information

This MD&A contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and “forward-looking information” under applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively, “forward-looking statements”), that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about imposed and threatened tariffs, including the impact, timing and resolution thereof, trends in the pricing of steel, the Company’s transition to EAF steelmaking, including the progress, costs and timing of completion of the Company’s EAF project, the Company’s expected annual raw steel production capacity and reduction in carbon emissions following completion of the EAF project, the Company’s future as a leading producer of green steel, the potential impacts of inflationary pressures, the Company’s ability to access liquidity tools and funding programs, such as the federal Large Enterprise Tariff Loan, labor availability, global supply chain disruptions on costs, the Company’s modernization of its plate mill facilities (including annual plate capacity going forward), transformation journey, ability to deliver greater and long-term value, ability to offer North America a secure steel supply and a sustainable future, and investment in its people, and processes, and statements regarding potential borrowings under the Company’s credit facilities, and the Company’s strategy, plans or future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “pipeline,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, intentions, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances contain forward-looking information. Statements containing forward-looking information are not historical facts but instead represent management’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events or circumstances. In addition, our business and operations involve numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could result in our expectations not being realized or otherwise materially affect our financial position, financial performance and cash flows. Although management believes that expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties and should not be regarded as a representation by the Company or any other person that the anticipated results will be achieved. The Company cautions you not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual events, results and outcomes may differ materially from our expectations suggested in any forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, among others, those set forth in the section entitled “Risk factors” in the Annual Information Form. Although it is not possible to identify all of these factors, they include, among others, the following:

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The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks provided under “Risk Factors” in the Annual Information Form.

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You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward- looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Despite a careful process to prepare and review the forward-looking information, there can be no assurance that the underlying assumptions will prove to be correct. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this MD&A, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

Overview of the Business

Algoma Steel Group Inc., formerly known as 1295908 B.C. Ltd. (the “Company”), was incorporated on March 23, 2021 under the Business Corporations Act of British Columbia solely for the purpose of purchasing Algoma Steel Holdings Inc. The Company’s common shares and warrants under the symbol ‘ASTL’ and ASTLW’, respectively, are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”). Algoma Steel Group Inc. is the ultimate parent holding company of Algoma Steel Inc. and does not conduct any business operations.

Algoma Steel Inc. (“ASI”), the operating company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Algoma Steel Holdings Inc., was incorporated on May 19, 2016 under the Business Corporations Act of British Columbia. ASI is an integrated steel producer with its active operations located entirely in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. ASI produces sheet and plate products that are sold primarily in Canada and the United States.

Strategic Initiatives

Electric Arc Furnace (“EAF”) Transformation Project

On November 10, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the Company’s transformation to electric arc steelmaking (the “EAF Transformation Project”), including the construction of two state-of-the-art electric-arc-furnaces to replace its existing No. 7 blast furnace and steelmaking operations (“BF7 Steelmaking”). The transformation to EAF steelmaking is expected to decrease our annual carbon emissions by 70% compared to equivalent production from BF7 Steelmaking. Through our transition to EAF steelmaking we expect to contribute to the transition to a low carbon economy and support Canada in achieving its commitments under the Paris Agreement.

EAF steelmaking is a method of producing steel by melting scrap metal and other metallic inputs using an electric arc. This process is widely used in modern steel production. The EAF steelmaking facility is being built on vacant land adjacent to the current steelmaking facility to mitigate disruption to current operations and will be integrated into existing downstream equipment and facilities, thereby reducing capital expenditure requirements.

The EAF Transformation Project is expected to improve product mix, reduce fixed costs, provide significant carbon tax savings, increase production capacity and decrease the Company’s environmental footprint. The Company has approval from the electricity regulators to connect the EAFs to the current 115kV electricity grid with the internal power generation asset known as Lake Superior Power (the “LSP Plant”). As the EAF steel production is ramped-up after commissioning, Algoma anticipates reduced dependency on its legacy BF7 Steelmaking operations as we transition to 100% EAF steel production.

The following paragraphs outline key elements and milestones of the EAF Transformation Project:

Technology

On December 2, 2021, the Company announced that it had selected Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.p.A. (“Danieli”) as the sole technology provider for the EAF steelmaking facility. In connection with this agreement, Danieli will supply its latest technology solutions including AC-Digimelter technology powered by Q-One digital power systems and Q-SYM automated scrap yard. All EAF and power components have been received on the Company’s site and installation is proceeding as construction progresses.

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Construction and Environmental Permitting

The contract for the structural building integrating the EAF Transformation Project was awarded on April 25, 2022, to Hamilton, Ontario-based Walters Group Inc. (“Walters”). Walters has been responsible for fabricating and erecting the main building envelope and structure in addition to the necessary emissions collection hoods. Pursuant to the fixed-price contract, Walters used Algoma’s steel plate products in the fabrication of heavy structural components, and has worked with local industrial contractor, SIS Manufacturing Inc., for the fabrication of these key elements. All EAF building structural steel has been erected, and the Company has since been installing exterior roofing and cladding. Equipment installation is underway including power systems, cranes, reline station and the fume extraction systems.

On March 13, 2023, the Company announced the appointment of EllisDon Corporation as Construction Manager for completion of the EAF Transformation Project. The Construction Manager role is central to the successful planning, execution, and completion of the various construction projects. Their responsibilities encompass various aspects of project management and oversight to ensure that construction projects are completed safely, on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.

The Company received ECA 5691-CJGK54 (as amended) for industrial sewage works for the disposal of process effluent and non-contact cooling water. On April 17, 2025, the Company received ECA 1920-DDDQCS authorizing the operation of the electric arc steelmaking facility, comprising two furnaces, water treatment plant, fume treatment plant, vacuum degasser and ancillary equipment. The Company expects to consolidate the various air and noise related ECAs into a single site-wide ECA within the next two years. On May 16, 2025, the Company received approval of its amended abatement plan for current air emissions submitted in accordance with ECA Reg. 419/95.

To facilitate the transition to EAF steelmaking, in early June 2025, the Company has begun the process of shutting down the No. 7 Coke Battery. A third party contract to purchase coke has been secured to cover the expected volumes required to complete the transition from blast furnace to EAF steelmaking.

Budget and Project Financing

The Company previously secured an agreement with the Government of Canada through the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), whereby the Company will receive up to C$200.0 million in the form of a loan to support the EAF Transformation Project. The loan is provided through the Net Zero Accelerator Initiative of the Federal Strategic Innovation Fund (the “Federal SIF” and such loan, the “Federal SIF EAF Loan”). The repayment period will commence upon the earlier of the Company having access to full power from the provincial electricity grid to operate the EAF independently, or January 1, 2030. The annual repayment is further dependent on the Company’s performance in reducing its GHG emissions. As of June 30, 2025, the Federal SIF EAF Loan totaled C$200.0 million. As of June 30, 2025, the cumulative investment for the EAF Transformation Project was C$880.5 million.

Algoma’s EAF project is eligible under the Ontario’s Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks Emissions Performance Program (EPP). The EPP allows large emitters to apply for funding to support greenhouse gas reduction projects at eligible industrial facilities whose primary industrial activity is not electricity generation. The Company entered into an agreement with the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks on July 14, 2025 in respect of the EPP for maximum funding of C$56.9 million towards reimbursement of eligible expenditures incurred in construction of the EAF, with an approved initial advance of C$21.3 million. This funding is anticipated to reduce the project’s net cash cost, and along with cash-on-hand, operating cash flow, and available borrowings from the Company’s existing undrawn credit facility, provide ample liquidity to fund the balance of the project.

Access to Electricity

The Company upgraded its LSP Plant with two LM6000PC aeroderivative gas turbines, multiple control systems, and a full rewind of the No. 2 generator to provide 110-115 MW of generation. These assets were commissioned in 2023 and when combined with our available grid power, the Company has enough electrical supply to operate both EAF furnaces in alternating mode and supplying our current steel capacity. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has approval from the Independent Electricity System Operator (“IESO”, through CAA ID: 2021-694 and 2021-695) to connect the EAFs to the current 115kV electricity grid with the LSP Plant.

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The Company is progressing its discussions with the IESO, Ontario independent electricity regulator, as well as with the Ministry of Energy in respect of securing more grid power to realize the full potential of the EAF Transformation Project. On September 28, 2023, the Company received conditional approval of the next phase of the Company’s EAF Connection Proposal (CAA ID: 2021-704), providing for connecting the EAF load facility with electricity supplied from the proposed local 230kV transmission line to be constructed and operated by PUC Transmission LP. Further, on June 12, 2024, the IESO approved CAA ID: 2023-768 permitting the simultaneous operation of the EAF furnaces drawing power from the 230kV Transmission Line (as defined below) and with the LSP Plant operating at 110MW.

Significant progress has continued on long term regional power access for Northeast and Eastern Ontario. On October 23, 2023, the Ontario provincial government announced that it has issued an Order-in-Council declaring three regional transmission line projects as priorities, which includes one new line in eastern Ontario and two new lines in northeastern Ontario. These lines are expected to enable economic growth activities including among other things the production of clean steel at Algoma. The Order-in-Council will streamline the Ontario Energy Board’s (OEB) regulatory approval process for these lines. The government has also directed the OEB to amend Hydro One Network Inc. (Hydro One)’s transmission license to designate it as the transmitter responsible for the development of the three lines.

On August 27, 2024, the Ontario Energy Board (OEB) issued its Decision and Order granting PUC LP (PUC Transmission), and Hydro One Sault Ste. Marie LP (HOSSM) leave to construct high-voltage transmission facilities (230kV Transmission Line) in Sault Ste. Marie that will service Sault Ste. Marie’s west end and support Algoma’s transition to EAF steelmaking. The OEB further declared the 230kV Transmission Line a network asset without any required capital contribution from Algoma.

Commissioning and Implementation

Cold commissioning activities began in the fourth calendar quarter of 2024 and continued into the first quarter of 2025 as part of the broader commissioning and implementation phase. These activities included the systematic installation, testing, and validation of critical equipment and systems to ensure operational readiness, including the EAF charging cranes, Fume Treatment Plant, and Water Treatment Plant.

Progress in the first quarter of 2025 was impacted by unusually harsh winter conditions, which caused some delays. During this period, the Company advanced additional EAF project work not on the critical path and commissioned several critical systems, including the Fume Treatment Plant, the Water Treatment Plant, the furnace, and the substation. This progress supported the transition to hot commissioning in the second quarter of 2025.

In early July 2025, the Company achieved its first steel production at Unit One of the EAF following ten days of successful electric arc testing and tuning, including individual and tandem tests of all nine Q-One transformer modules. This is a major operational and strategic milestone that marks the start of a new era for Algoma, positioning the Company to produce Volta^™, our proprietary green steel, at scale. It reflects the successful execution of a key phase in our EAF transition and demonstrates the performance of the technology platform that underpins our decarbonization strategy. With EAF production now underway, Algoma is advancing toward a more flexible, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible steelmaking model that supports long-term shareholder value.

Key Leadership and Governance Announcements

On June 24, 2025, Melinda J. Newman was newly elected to the Company’s Board of Directors.

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Environmental Matters

Steel producers such as Algoma are subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations (“Environmental Law”), including federal and provincial, relating to the protection of the environment. The Company can incur regulatory liability as well as civil liability for contamination on-site (soil, groundwater, indoor air), contaminant migration and impacts off-site including in respect of groundwater, rivers, lakes, other waterways, and air emissions.

On June 9, 2022, the Company experienced an incident where an oil-based lubricant was released from our hot mill in Sault Ste. Marie. The oil entered our water treatment facility and a quantity of the oil was discharged into the St. Mary’s River. The provincial and federal regulators each investigated this incident. The Company was recently served with one charge under the provincial Environment Protection Act and one charge under the provincial Ontario Water Resources Act in connection with the incident, which as of the date of this MD&A have not been resolved. The Company remains focused on maintaining compliance with environmental regulations and is dedicated to upholding our commitment to sustainable practices.

Fatal Incident Involving an Employee of a Contractor

On June 16, 2023, the Company reported a fatal incident involving an employee of a contractor who was retained to perform specialized maintenance work cleaning an out-of-service gas line. The Company investigated the fatal accident internally and worked with provincial authorities as they investigated. On May 2, 2024, the Company was served with three charges under the provincial Occupational Health & Safety Act in connection with the fatality. The Company is responding accordingly.

Sustainability Report

On June 4, 2025, Algoma published its 2024 Sustainability Report, covering the nine month period ended December 31, 2024, to align with the Company’s change in fiscal year end. This alignment streamlines our reporting processes, enhances comparability with industry peers, and ensures stakeholders receive timely updates on our sustainability performance. The full report is available at www.algoma.com.

At Algoma, we firmly acknowledge that sustainability factors encompass a broad spectrum of risks and opportunities, impacting our business and our stakeholders—including investors, customers, suppliers, employees, governments, and the communities where we operate. Our commitment is to conduct our operations with careful and conscientious consideration of these factors, which help drive performance, reduce risk, and foster organizational excellence.

Our sustainability vision goes beyond corporate responsibility. We aspire to help shape a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future for Canadian steel production. We are actively transitioning away from coal and mined ore as primary inputs by adopting Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking technology, which is expected to reduce our carbon emissions by approximately 70%—equivalent to 3 million tonnes annually. We remain committed to innovation and the integration of eco-efficient practices throughout our production processes. We also continue to prioritize the health and safety of our workforce, invest in the prosperity of our surrounding communities, and foster a diverse, inclusive, and equitable workplace.

In 2022, we conducted a formal Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) Materiality Assessment to identify and prioritize the sustainability factors most likely to impact our company’s long-term value and relevance to stakeholders. This assessment is reviewed annually and updated as necessary, forming the foundation of our overall sustainability strategy.

Our reporting continues to align with the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Standards and adheres to the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations to the greatest extent feasible. We remain engaged in efforts to further align our practices with these frameworks. We are also closely monitoring the evolving disclosure landscape, including the IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) and the Canadian Sustainability Disclosure Standards (CSDS) released by the Canadian Sustainability Standards Board (CSSB), and will adapt accordingly.

Oversight of sustainability matters is embedded in our governance structure. Our Board of Directors holds ultimate accountability for sustainability-related risks and opportunities, including those related to climate. The Nominating and Governance Committee supports the Board in overseeing these matters, in coordination with other Board committees, and regularly reports to the full Board.

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Impact on Operations

On January 20, 2024, a structural corridor carrying various utilities crucial for the Company’s coke oven battery and blast furnace operations suffered an unexpected collapse. An independent investigation revealed an unforeseen escalating overload condition, resulting in a failure of a structural support member of the utility corridor, thereby causing the subsequent cascading collapse of other support structures. The collapse disrupted the flow of coke oven gas from the batteries to the rest of the steelworks, as well as a portion of the natural gas and oxygen flow to specific facilities, most critically the blast furnace. The unforeseen structural collapse did not result in any injuries, but for safety reasons, various areas near the collapse were evacuated and blast furnace operations were suspended at the time of the incident. Due to the unexpected shutdown and delayed restart, the blast furnace experienced operational challenges culminating in a chilled hearth, which suspended production for a period of three weeks, during which roughly 150,000 tons of hot metal production was lost.

The Company has standard insurance coverage that is intended to address events such as these, including business interruption and property damage insurance. The Company has engaged its insurers and has submitted claims under its insurance policies for covered losses.

The Company and its insurers continue to review the impact of the structural collapse and subsequent lost production as it relates to the insurance claim. During the six month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company received insurance proceeds totalling C$50.0 million which have been presented in other income in the condensed interim consolidated statements of net (loss) income.

Tariffs

The President of the United States issued various executive orders imposing tariffs on products imported from Canada; including tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA Tariffs), applying a 25% duty on most imports from Canada, with a reduced 10% rate on energy products; and tariffs under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (S232 Tariffs), imposing a 25% ad valorem tariff on all steel and aluminum articles and their derivatives, without exclusions. The tariffs were effective March 4, 2025, paused on March 6, 2025, and then reinstated March 12, 2025. On April 2, 2025, the President announced a minimum 10% tariff (Reciprocal Tariffs) on all US imports, effective April 5, 2025 and higher tariffs on imports from 57 countries. Canada was excluded from the application of Reciprocal Tariffs, and the order further clarified that the IEEPA Tariffs and S232 Tariffs would not aggregate on Canadian goods compliant with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA”). On June 4, 2025, the tariffs under S232 Tariffs were increased to 50% for all steel and aluminum imports to the United States. At present, the Company is only subject to the S232 Tariffs that imposes a 50% tariff on steel the Company imports into the United States.

The ongoing tariffs and trade uncertainty has contributed to volatility in steel demand and pricing in both the U.S. and Canadian markets, with concerns over supply chain disruptions leading to fluctuations in purchasing patterns. Additionally, the uncertainty surrounding trade policies has affected the U.S. dollar exchange rate, which in turn impacts the Company’s sales and cost structure by influencing raw material costs, pricing competitiveness, and cross-border trade dynamics. In most cases, it is not feasible for the Company to pass on the tariff cost to its customers. Unlike the U.S. market which is predominantly contract-based, the Canadian steel market is more focused on spot transactions. Over the past few months the Company has been experiencing an increasing demand and pricing imbalance between the U.S. and Canadian markets, resulting in Canadian transactional pricing below U.S. pricing, which we expect is due to the increased supply of the Canadian market from domestic producers, the continuance of steel shipped into Canada by U.S. steel manufacturers and increased import offers from other countries priced at less-than-fair-value. During the three month period ended June 30, 2025 the Company’s NSR for Canadian sales was up to 40% lower than its U.S. results across many product categories. This is a significantly greater discrepancy than historical averages and resulted in approximately C$30 million lower revenue on Canadian sales during the three month period ended June 30, 2025.

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To the extent such U.S. tariffs may impact the Company’s export sales, result in over-supply of the Canadian market at reduced transactional pricing, and potential for retaliatory tariffs on imports of U.S. products into Canada, or otherwise cause an increase in the prices of the inputs the Company uses in its operations or diminished availability in Canada of such inputs, the Company’s ability to maintain its current cost structure or level of operations may be materially and adversely affected. This may result in, among other things, the Company experiencing reduced production levels, higher costs and lower operating margins, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and liquidity. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, the Company incurred tariff costs of C$64.1 million and C$74.6 million, respectively. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, steel shipments to the United States represented 54% and 53% of total steel shipments, respectively.

Given the ongoing uncertainty caused by the U.S. tariffs resulting in a structural imbalance in the Canadian market, the Company is exploring liquidity tools and funding programs that could support its current operations and enable strategic diversification. This includes an application to the federal Large Enterprise Tariff Loan (LETL) program for C$500 million, ongoing discussion of potential terms of LETL support and an evaluation of capital investments that align with long-term domestic demand in sectors such as defense and construction, while reinforcing Canada’s industrial resilience and low carbon transformation.

Quarterly Dividend

The Board of Directors has made the decision to suspend the regular quarterly dividend on the Corporation’s common shares. This decision reflects the Board’s prudent approach to capital allocation and its commitment to preserving liquidity and financial flexibility in the face of evolving market conditions. The Board will continue to evaluate future dividend declarations in the context of capital requirements, strategic priorities, and overall financial performance.

Subsequent Event

The Company entered into an agreement with the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks on July 14, 2025 under Ontario’s Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks Emissions Performance Program for maximum funding of C$56.9 million for reimbursement of eligible expenditures incurred in construction of the EAF, with an approved initial advance of C$21.3 million.

Factors Affecting Financial Performance

The Company’s costs are primarily driven by commodity prices, including the price of iron ore, coal, coke, electricity and natural gas, and inflation or other fluctuations in the prices of key raw materials and other inputs essential to our operations can have a substantial impact on our profitability and overall financial performance. Inflationary pressures on commodity raw material inputs can arise from various factors, including global supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical events, natural disasters, trade policies, and currency exchange rate fluctuations. These factors are often beyond our control and can lead to substantial price increases in raw materials, as well as challenges in managing our supply chain and inventory affecting our ability to secure adequate raw material supplies in a timely and cost-effective manner. Increased costs of raw materials can directly erode our profit margins, making it challenging to maintain competitive pricing in the market.

North American steel pricing is largely dependent on global supply and demand, international trade policies and practices, the level of steel imports into North America, economic conditions in North America, global steelmaking overcapacity, and increased raw material prices. North American steel producers compete with many foreign producers, including those in Europe, China and other Asian countries. Competition from foreign producers is periodically intensified by weakening regional economies of their surrounding countries, and resultant decisions by these foreign producers with respect to export volumes and pricing possibly more influenced by political and economic policy considerations than by prevailing market conditions. Trade policies and practices between Canada and other countries including the United States have a material impact on demand and selling prices of steel in the market.

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World crude steel production for the 70 countries reporting to the World Steel Association (worldsteel) was 158.8 million tonnes (Mt) in May 2025, a 3.8% decrease compared to May 2024. China represents approximately 55% of global crude steel production. (source: Worldsteel Association “May 2025 crude steel production and 2025 global crude steel production total” June 24, 2025). According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development global steel market conditions remain challenging, with ongoing excess capacity suppressing the potential for demand growth. According to the latest available information, global steelmaking capacity remains high at 2,472 million metric tonnes, a level that will exceed demand by slightly more than 721 million metric tonnes, by 2027. The excess demand of 721 million metric tonnes is the equivalent to over 48 times the size of the Canadian steel industry. Information on announced investment projects indicates that 63.5 mmt of gross capacity additions are currently underway worldwide and are therefore expected to come on stream during the next three-year period (2025-27).

Overall Results

Net (Loss) Income

The Company’s net loss for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$110.6 million compared to net income of C$6.1 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2024, resulting in a C$116.7 million increase of net loss. The increase is primarily due to the increase in loss from operations (C$72.6 million), for reasons described below in (Loss) Income from Operations, foreign exchange loss (C$38.3 million), change in fair value of warrant liability (C$20.2 million), and change in fair value of share-based compensation liability (C$10.9 million). This was offset, in part, by an increase in income tax recovery (C$32.6 million).

The Company’s net loss for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$135.1 million compared to net income of C$34.1 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2024, resulting in a C$169.2 million increase of net loss. The increase is primarily due to the increase in loss from operations (C$215.6 million), for reasons described below in (Loss) Income from Operations, foreign exchange loss (C$55.0 million), and finance costs (C$10.2 million). This was offset, in part, by an increase in income tax recovery (C$60.0 million), and other income (C$50.0 million).

(Loss) Income from Operations

The Company’s loss from operations for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$85.1 million compared to C$12.5 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2024, resulting in a C$72.6 million increase of loss from operations. The increase is primarily due to decreased revenue (C$60.8 million), which is due to lower pricing and steel shipments, resulting from weakening market conditions, and increased cost of sales (C$10.0 million), due primarily to increased tariff costs, which was offset, in part, by the Company’s cost controlling measures.

The Company’s loss from operations for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$225.0 million compared to C$9.4 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2024, resulting in a C$215.6 million increase of loss from operations. The increase is primarily due to decreased revenue (C$164.3 million), which is due to lower pricing and steel shipments, resulting from weakening market conditions, and increased cost of sales (C$50.7 million), due primarily to increased tariff costs, which was offset, in part, by the Company’s cost controlling measures.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In this MD&A, we use certain non-GAAP measures to evaluate the performance of the Company. These terms do not have any standardized meaning prescribed under IFRS Accounting Standards and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement those IFRS Accounting Standards measures by providing a further understanding of our financial performance from management’s perspective. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for analysis of our financial information reported in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. As described below, the terms “EBITDA,” “Adjusted EBITDA,” “Adjusted EBITDA margin,” “Adjusted EBITDA per ton,” “Average Net Sales Realization” (“NSR”) and “Cost Per Ton of Steel Products Sold” are financial measures utilized by the Company in evaluating its financial results that are not defined by IFRS Accounting Standards. EBITDA refers to net income or loss before depreciation of property, plant, equipment and amortization of intangible assets, finance costs, interest on pension and other post-employment benefit obligations and income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA refers to EBITDA before foreign exchange loss (gain), finance income, carbon tax, changes in fair value of warrants, earnout and share-based compensation liabilities, share-based compensation related to the Company’s Omnibus Long Term Incentive Plan and certain inventory adjustments. Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by revenue for the corresponding period. Adjusted EBITDA per ton is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by tons of steel products sold for the corresponding period. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not intended to represent cash flow from operations, as defined by IFRS Accounting Standards, and should not be considered as alternatives to income from operations or any other measure of performance prescribed by IFRS Accounting Standards. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as defined and used by the Company, may not be comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as defined and used by other companies.

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We consider EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to be meaningful measures to assess our operating performance in addition to IFRS Accounting Standards measures. These measures are included because we believe they can be useful in measuring our operating performance and our ability to expand our business and provide management and investors with additional information for comparison of our operating results across different time periods and to the operating results of other companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are also used by analysts and our lenders as measures of our financial performance. In addition, we consider Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA per ton, to be useful measures of our operating performance and profitability across different time periods that enhance the comparability of our results. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most comparable IFRS Accounting Standards financial measure, see “Adjusted EBITDA” presented in this MD&A. Average Net Sales Realization refers to steel revenue less freight revenue per steel tons shipped. Average Net Sales Realization is included because it allows management and investors to evaluate our selling prices per ton of steel products sold, excluding the geographic impact of freight charges, in order to enhance comparability when comparing our sales performance to that of our competitors. Cost Per Ton of Steel Products Sold refers to cost of steel revenue less freight, depreciation and carbon tax (included in cost of steel revenue) per steel tons shipped. Cost Per Ton of Steel Products Sold allows management and investors to evaluate our cost of steel products sold on a per ton basis, excluding certain of the items that we exclude when calculating Adjusted EBITDA, to evaluate our operating performance and to enhance the comparability of our costs over different time periods. We consider each of Average Net Sales Realization and Cost Per Ton of Steel Products Sold to be meaningful measures to assess our operating performance in addition to IFRS Accounting Standards measures.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Average Net Sales Realization, Cost Per Ton of Steel Products Sold, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA per ton have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation from, or as alternatives to, net income, cash flow from operations or other data prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. Some of these limitations are:

In addition, in the case of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA per ton:

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Because of these limitations EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and the related ratios such as Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA per ton should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to invest in business growth or to reduce indebtedness. In addition, other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our IFRS Accounting Standards results using such measures only as a supplement.

Steel Revenue and Cost of Sales

Revenue and steel revenue decreased by 9.3% and 10.5%, respectively, due to lower steel shipments and pricing during the three month period ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2024. The Company’s average NSR on steel sales per ton shipped was C$1,132 for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024 - C$1,187), a decrease of 4.6%. Steel shipment volumes decreased by 6.2% during the three month period ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2024. Lower steel shipments and pricing were resultant from weakening market conditions, particularly due to the S232 Tariffs which impacted the Company’s export sales and resulted in over-supply of the Canadian market at reduced transactional pricing. During the three month period ended June 30, 2025 the Company’s NSR for Canadian sales was up to 40% lower than its U.S. results across many product categories. This is a significantly greater discrepancy than historical averages and resulted in approximately C$30 million lower revenue on Canadian sales during the three month period ended June 30, 2025.

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Revenue and steel revenue decreased by 12.9% and 14.4%, respectively, due to lower pricing and steel shipments during the six month period ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the six month period ended June 30, 2024. The Company’s average NSR on steel sales per ton shipped was C$1,059 for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024 - C$1,222), a decrease of 13.3%. Steel shipment volumes decreased by 1.3% during the six month period ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the six month period ended June 30, 2024. The six month period ended June 30, 2025 was also negatively impacted by the S232 Tariffs, as discussed above.

For the three month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s cost of steel revenue increased by 1.3% to C$588.5 million (June 30, 2024 - C$580.7 million) and the cost of steel products sold increased by 0.4% to C$540.1 million (June 30, 2024 - C$538.1 million). Cost per ton of steel products sold was C$1,144 for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024 - C$1,069). The increase is primarily due to tariff costs, offset, in part, by cost controlling measures.

For the six month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s cost of steel revenue increased by 4.2% to C$1,160.7 million (June 30, 2024 - C$1,113.6 million) and the cost of steel products sold increased by 4.3% to C$1,074.0 million (June 30, 2024 - C$1,030.0 million). Cost per ton of steel products sold was C$1,140 for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024 - C$1,080). The increase is primarily due to tariff costs, offset, in part, by cost controlling measures.

As discussed above in Tariffs, the Company was subject to 25% tariffs on outbound steel shipments to the United States, effective March 4, 2025, paused on March 6, 2025, and then reinstated March 12, 2025. Starting June 4, 2025, the tariffs on outbound steel shipments to the United States was increased to 50%. For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, tariff costs of C$64.1 million and C$74.6 million were included in Cost of Sales (June 30, 2024 – nil).

The Company’s costs associated to tariffs on inbound purchases from the United States were negligible for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024 – nil).

Non-steel Revenue

The Company’s non-steel revenue for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$10.6 million (June 30, 2024 – C$7.2 million). The increase of C$3.4 million was primarily due to increased revenue on braize and tar which was offset, in part, by decreased revenue on kish products and ore and pellet fines.

The Company’s non-steel revenue for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$13.4 million (June 30, 2024 – C$12.1 million). The increase of C$1.3 million was primarily due to increased revenue on braize and tar which was offset, in part, by decreased revenue on kish products, scrap, and ore and pellet fines.

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Administrative and Selling Expenses

As illustrated in the table above, the Company’s administrative and selling expenses for the three month period ended June 30, 2025, were C$31.0 million (June 30, 2024 - C$29.2 million). The increase in administrative and selling expenses of C$1.8 million is primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation expense (C$2.4 million) and insurance (C$2.4 million). This was offset, in part, by a decrease in other administrative and selling (C$1.3 million), professional, consulting, legal and other fees (C$1.1 million), and allowance for doubtful accounts (C$0.6 million).

For the six month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s administrative and selling expenses were C$61.9 million (June 30, 2024 - C$61.3 million). The increase in administrative and selling expenses of C$0.6 million is primarily due to an increase in share-based compensation expense (C$5.2 million) and insurance (C$4.8 million). This was offset, in part, by a decrease in personnel expenses (C$3.5 million), allowance for doubtful accounts (C$2.4 million), professional, consulting, legal and other fees (C$2.0 million), and other administrative and selling (C$1.3 million).

Finance Costs, Finance Income, Interest on Pension and Other Post-employment Benefit Obligations, Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses and Other Income

The Company’s finance costs represent interest cost on the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility, Senior Secured Lien Notes (the “2029 Notes”) and interest cost on the financing arrangement described in the section entitled “Capital Resources - Financial Position and Liquidity” included elsewhere in this MD&A. Finance costs also include the amortization of transaction costs related to the Company’s debt facilities and the accretion of the benefits in respect of the Company’s governmental loan facilities in respect of the interest free loan issued by, and the grant given by the Canadian federal government as well as the low interest rate loan issued from the Ontario provincial government, all of which are discussed below (Financial Resources and Liquidity - Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities) and the unwinding of discounts and changes in the discount rate on the Company’s environmental liabilities.

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As illustrated in the table above, the Company’s finance costs for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 were C$18.5 million (June 30, 2024 - C$16.4 million). The increase of C$2.1 million in finance costs is primarily due to the revaluation of discount rate for environmental liabilities (C$1.1 million), interest on the 2029 Notes (C$0.4 million) and other interest expense (C$0.4 million).

For the six month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s finance costs were C$36.3 million (June 30, 2024 - C$26.1 million). The increase of C$10.2 million in finance costs is primarily due to interest on the 2029 Notes (C$11.4 million), other interest expense (C$1.0 million), and accretion of issuance costs of debt facilities (C$0.5 million). This was offset, in part, by the revaluation of discount rate for environmental liabilities (C$2.7 million).

The Company’s finance income for the three month period ended June 30, 2025, was C$2.5 million (June 30, 2024 - C$5.4 million). The decrease of C$2.9 million in finance income is primarily due to a decrease in interest income as result of a lower cash balance.

The Company’s finance income for the six month period ended June 30, 2025, was C$5.3 million (June 30, 2024 - C$6.6 million). The decrease of C$1.3 million in finance income is primarily due to a decrease in interest income as result of a lower cash balance.

The Company’s interest on pension and other post-employment benefit obligations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 was C$3.9 million and C$7.9 million, respectively (June 30, 2024 - C$5.4 million and C$10.3 million, respectively). The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in discount rates as at December 31, 2024 that is used to determine the expense for the period of January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025.

The Company’s foreign exchange loss for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$31.5 million (June 30, 2024 - gain of C$6.8 million). The foreign exchange loss for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 was C$32.4 million (June 30, 2024 - gain of C$22.6 million). These foreign exchange movements reflect the effect of US dollar exchange rate fluctuations on the Company’s Canadian dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities.

The Company’s other income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 was nil and C$50.0 million, respectively (June 30, 2024 – nil) and represents insurance proceeds received.

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Pension and Post-Employment Benefits

As illustrated in the table above, the Company’s pension expense for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were C$5.7 million and C$6.6 million, respectively, representing a decrease of C$0.9 million. The Company’s post-employment benefit expense for the three month period ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were C$3.0 million and C$3.5 million, respectively, representing a decrease of C$0.5 million. The decreases in pension and post-employment benefit expense are as a result of a decrease in discount rates used to determine the expense beginning January 1, 2025. The expense decrease is also a result of reflecting experience gains from the statutory pension actuarial funding valuation and the post-employment benefit expense actuarial valuation.

For the six month period ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company’s pension expense were C$11.4 million and C$13.1 million, respectively, representing a decrease of C$1.7 million. The Company’s post-employment benefit expense for the six month period ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were C$6.0 million and C$6.9 million, respectively, representing a decrease of C$0.9 million. The decreases in pension and post-employment benefit expense are as a result of a decrease in discount rates used to determine the expense beginning January 1, 2025. The expense decrease is also a result of reflecting experience gains from the statutory pension actuarial funding valuation and the post-employment benefit expense actuarial valuation.

As disclosed in Note 4 to the December 31, 2024 consolidated financial statements, all actuarial gains and losses that arise in calculating the present value of the defined benefit pension obligation net of assets and the defined benefit obligation in respect of other post-employment benefits, including the re-measurement components, are recognized immediately in other comprehensive income (loss).

For the three month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded an actuarially determined loss to the accrued defined pension liability and accrued other post-employment benefit obligation in other comprehensive income (loss) of C$1.7 million (June 30, 2024 – gain of C$25.5 million), a difference of C$27.2 million, primarily due to a decrease in discount rates as at June 30, 2024 combined with positive defined pension asset return. The June 30, 2024 adjustments to other comprehensive income (loss) as compared to June 30, 2025 adjustments experienced an increase in discount rates offset by an asset return of -0.74%.

For the six month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded an actuarially determined gain to the accrued defined pension liability and accrued other post-employment benefit obligation in other comprehensive income (loss) of C$2.2 million (June 30, 2024 - C$29.9 million), a difference of C$27.7 million, primarily due to an increase in discount rates. The June 30, 2024 adjustments to other comprehensive income (loss) as compared to June 30, 2025 adjustments experienced an increase in discount rates as at June 30, 2025.

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Carbon Taxes

On June 28, 2019, the Company became subject to the Federal Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (the “Carbon Tax Act”). The Carbon Tax Act was enacted with retroactive effect to January 1, 2019. The Company has chosen to remove the costs associated with the Carbon Tax Act from Adjusted EBITDA to facilitate comparison with the results of its competitors in jurisdictions not subject to the Carbon Tax Act. Since the introduction of the Carbon Tax Act, Ontario’s Emissions Performance Standards (EPS) program was developed to regulate GHG emissions from large industrial facilities by setting emissions limits that are the basis for the compliance obligations of those facilities. The program was developed as an alternative to the federal output-based pricing system (OBPS). The EPS program came into full effect on January 1, 2022 and Algoma is now subject to compliance under the EPS.

For the three month period ended June 30, 2025, total Carbon Tax recognized in cost of sales was C$10.4 million (June 30, 2024 - C$9.5 million). The change is primarily due to a true-up of the estimated cost pertaining to the twelve month period ended December 31, 2024 and an increase in carbon tax per ton. This was offset, in part, by a decrease in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions.

For the six month period ended June 30, 2025, total Carbon Tax recognized in cost of sales was C$13.9 million (June 30, 2024 - C$15.9 million). The change is primarily due to a decrease in carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, offset, in part by an increase in carbon tax per ton.

Income Taxes

For the three month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s deferred income tax expense and current income tax recovery were C$0.5 million and C$37.4 million, respectively, compared to deferred income tax recovery and current income tax expense of C$5.3 million and C$1.0 million, respectively, for the three month period ended June 30, 2024 due to loss before tax of C$147.5 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2025, compared to income before tax of C$1.8 million for the three month period ended June 30, 2024.

For the six month period ended June 30, 2025, the Company’s deferred income tax recovery and current income tax recovery were C$1.5 million and C$61.8 million, respectively, compared to deferred income tax recovery and current income tax expense of C$10.5 million and C$7.2 million, respectively, for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 due to loss before tax of C$198.4 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2025, compared to income before tax of C$30.8 million for the six month period ended June 30, 2024.

Share Capital

The authorized share capital of the Company consists of an unlimited number of common shares without par value and an unlimited number of preferred shares without par value issuable in series.

As at June 30, 2025, there were 104,933,802 common shares issued and outstanding, and no preferred shares issued and outstanding.

Warrants

As at June 30, 2025, 24,178,999 Warrants remain outstanding with an estimated fair value of $0.51 per Warrant based on the market price of the Warrants, for which the Company recognized a liability of C$16.8 million ($12.3 million) (December 31, 2024 - C$52.2 million; $36.3 million) in warrant liability on the condensed interim consolidated statements of financial position. For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, a loss of C$4.6 million and a gain of C$34.5 million, respectively, on change in the fair value of the warrant liability is presented in the condensed interim consolidated statements of net (loss) income (June 30, 2024 - gain of C$15.6 million and C$30.9 million, respectively). The Warrants will expire on October 19, 2026.

The Warrants, with a strike price of $11.50, are currently out of the money. Should Algoma’s share price increase, these Warrants contain a call feature enabling the Company to redeem them on a cashless basis before expiration, thus limiting potential dilution. Requirements include that the closing price of the Company’s common shares reaches or exceeds $18.00 for at least 20 out of any 30 consecutive trading days, the Company may exercise the option to redeem the Warrants at a nominal price of $0.01 per warrant. For more information please see Algoma’s warrant agreement which is available on SEDAR+ and on EDGAR.

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Earnout

As at June 30, 2025, 655,454 earnout rights remain outstanding with an estimated fair value of $6.89 per unit based on the market price of the Company’s common shares, for which an earnout liability of C$6.2 million ($4.5 million) (December 31, 2024 - C$10.1 million; $7.0 million) was recognized on the condensed interim consolidated statements of financial position. During the six month period ended June 30, 2025, earnout rights were settled for 75,000 common shares. During the nine month period ended December 31, 2024, 320,000 earnout rights were settled for common shares and 172,786 earnout rights were cancelled. For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 a loss of C$1.3 million and a gain of C$3.1 million, respectively, on change in the fair value of the earnout liability are presented in the condensed interim consolidated statements of net (loss) income (June 30, 2024 - gain of C$2.5 million and C$5.9 million, respectively).

Continuity of earnout rights are as follows:

Replacement Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”)

As at June 30, 2025, 2,492,815 Replacement LTIP Awards remain outstanding with an estimated fair value of $6.89 per unit based on the market price of the Company’s common shares, for which the Company recognized a liability of C$23.4 million ($17.2 million) (December 31, 2024 - C$34.5 million; $24.0 million) in share-based payment compensation liability on the condensed interim consolidated statements of financial position. During the six month period ended June 30, 2025, no units were settled. During the nine month period ended December 31, 2024, 297,953 units were settled for common shares and 47,620 units were cancelled. A portion of the common shares issued to settle these units were sold by the Company for cash of C$2.1 million used to settle withholding taxes. For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 a loss of C$5.1 million and a gain of C$10.3 million, respectively, on change in the fair value of the share-based payment compensation liability is presented in the condensed interim consolidated statements of net (loss) income (June 30, 2024 - gain of C$5.8 million and C$10.6 million, respectively).

Continuity of Replacement LTIP units are as follows:

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Omnibus Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”)

Deferred share units (“DSUs”)

For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded a share-based payment compensation expense of C$0.4 million and C$0.7 million, respectively, in administrative and selling expense on the condensed interim consolidated statements of net (loss) income and contributed deficit on the condensed interim consolidated statements of financial position (June 30, 2024 – C$0.5 million and C$1.1 million, respectively).

Restricted share units (“RSU”) FY2023, FY2024 and FY2025 Plans

Performance share units (“PSU”) FY2023, FY2024 and FY2025 Plans

For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, the Company recorded share-based payment compensation expense of C$3.1 million and C$6.4 million, respectively, in administrative and selling expenses on the condensed interim consolidated statements of net (loss) income and contributed deficit on the condensed interim consolidated statements of financial position (June 30, 2024 - C$0.7 million and C$0.9 million, respectively).

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Adjusted EBITDA

The following table shows the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net (loss) income for the periods indicated: